Applying Plain Packaging On Cigarette Cases Essay

With the looming possibility of implementing plain packaging on cigarette cases, the lobbyist involved uses certain facts to shed light on the seemingly hidden implications of the plain packaging policy. The main concern of the lobbyist and the advantage point lies within how uninformed the general populous is. The lobbyist essentially claims that the plain packaging policy has no proof of being an effective method of diminishing the number of smokers. Though the lobbyist asserts that it is invalid, this research essay will introduce compelling evidence and experimental data that suggests that the notion behind the plain packaging policy is actually an efficient method for minimizing the popularity of smoking. This paper will also look at opposing points of views that argue otherwise and the issue with their allegations. Before analyzing academic sources that convey the effectiveness of plain packaging, it is crucial to understand what plain packaging is and how it works. Harry Clarke and David Pentice’s article describes plain packaging as the removal of all aesthetic features from tobacco packages. Strictly speaking, a set of explicit specifications determines what a package must have to be considered plain packaged. Some of these specifications include changing brightly colored cigarette packs to packages that contain â€Å"standardized drab dark-brown [colors,] with trade names in a standard font† (Clarke and Pentice). Furthermore, instead of allowing graphic content thatShow MoreRelatedPricing for Convenience Goods12585 Words   |  51 Pages In a primitive society, the exchange value may be determined by trading a good for some other commodity. A horse may be worth ten coins; twelve apples may be worth two loaves of bread. More advanced societies use money for exchange. But in either case, the price of a good or service is its exchange value. Pricing strategy deals with the multitude of factors that influence the setting of a pric e. 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Egyptian Contributions And Greek Culture - 1678 Words

THESIS STATEMENT Egyptian contributions were critical to the development of Greek culture. The Nile Valley civilization is the basis of philosophy, science, and medicine that is often times solely credited to the Greeks. PURPOSE STATEMENT After thorough research and analysis the Nile Valley Contributions to Greek civilization are evident. THE BEGINNINGS Ancient Greece is regarded as the beginnings of advanced sciences and philosophies and the fundamentals of the western world. For years, Greek culture has been taught in schools and held in a high esteem. Egyptian sciences, while necessary, are not deemed with the same respect and often times critical rediscoveries of the Greeks are exclusively accredited to them. The long standing Egyptian empire predated Greece extensively, and reached a high in architecture, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and much more that the Greeks did not reach. Greece’s period of enlightenment was due to the new insights learned from Egypt. Greek scholars returned after years of studying century old works to be named the â€Å"fathers† or their subject. However, many times these â€Å"Fathers† were missing immense detail despite having access to the growing discoveries of the Egyptians, and the spectacular accomplishments of the Greeks are always traceable to its North African neighb or. THE EGYPTIAN MODEL Numerous works of philosophy have been undeniably similar to that of the Egyptians. Greek philosophers studied in Egypt for many years to form theShow MoreRelatedCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame foundational to Western culture from the Mesopotamian civilizations to the emergence of the Romans. The contributions of a variety of cultures shaped the course of Western history. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians are among the first civilizations to make a valuable contribution to Western Civilization. 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Contribution of Micro and Small Enterprises

Question: Discuss about the Contribution of Micro and Small Enterprises. Answer: Introduction: The contribution of the Micro and Small Enterprises has not received its full potential but it is clear from the findings that they are on the right tract. The KSA government has engaged in various initiatives and programs that will help boost the growth Micro and Small Enterprises. Nevertheless, there is a need for much more to be done beyond financial access increment for this sector (Al-Khaldi Wallace, 2009). Micro and Small Enterprises is the way to help the KSA to get rid of its overreliance on oil sector which is always prone to detrimental challenges due to oil prices fluctuations. As been seen from the discussion, comparatively, KSA Micro and Small Enterprises set the stage for the other economies in MENA or GCC region and this is a good news to the KSAs economy. It has been indicated from the study findings that KSA has over 1.97 million business enterprises with Micro and Small Enterprises sector taking the lion share at 90%. Moreover, it is also clear that over 85% of the Micro and Small Enterprises in KSA describes the single proprietor firms with about 74% being in trade and contrition sectors. The current contribution of Micro and Small Enterprises to the GDP of KSA stands at 33% (Asad Sadi Henderson, 2011). Nevertheless the KSA government should have it in mind that this figure is much lower in comparison to developed economies such as the United States. Even though it is known that the Micro and Small Enterprises contribution to the GDP of KSA economy is higher comparatively to other to other GCC economies. There is a need to remind the government that the value of the programs and initiatives already invested in Micro and Small Enterprises sector remains comparatively high than the returns that Micro and Small Enterprises have remitted to the economy. Accordingly, there is a call to action that the government needs to make sure that KSAs Micro and Small Enterprises reach the full potential. The labor force intake by the KSAs Micro and Small Enterprises is still relatively low at 25%. The government needs to encourage Micro and Small Enterprises to employ more by not only availing the financial based required by training and development of the Micro and Small Enterprises through upskilling and emotional support (Ghanem, 2013). The government should shift attention into helping the Micro and Small Enterprises to manage their firms effectively as this will boost the current 10% of the total workers employed by Micro and Small Enterprises to over 50% of the Saudi nationals compared to immigrants. It is quite unfortunate the despite the various and expensive programs driven by the KSA government to boost Micro and Small Enterprises, the KSA natives account for a minute percentage in their labor force. The government of KSA should realize that there is a great potentiality for the Micro and Small Enterprises growth and subsequent contribution to the countrys economic development. Since the country gives a home for over 20% of the entire Micro and Small Enterprises in the MENA region, it has the potential to greatly contribute to the economic growth and development. Moreover, KSA has stayed as the largest economy in the GCC coming second to United Arabs Emirates which is the most developed Micro and Small Enterprises sector in the GCC (Looney, 2004). There is a potential for Micro and Small Enterprises in KSA to rise above those in the United Arabs Emirates. This is because KSAs Micro and Small Enterprises average share lending of entire loans is currently 3% compared to the 2% for the GCCs average. This means that KSA Micro and Small Enterprises have more access to loans and the capital required to start and run businesses. Moreover, KSA enjoys the largest number of both public and private Micro and Small Enterprises sector support programs with the GCC area. This further points the potentiality to Micro and Small Enterprises have to become the number one contributor to the KSAs economy in the entire MENA and GCC region. Moreover, lucrativeness of KSA is also much better than the G20 countries in terms of the cost of establishing a business in KSA. This is because it is currently estimated as one-third relative to the average G20 economies, hence a lucrative podium for the Micro and Small Enterprises budding. Even the future examination or outlook of the KSAs Micro and Small Enterprises sector is promising. It is has been ranked second with the MENA region with position being UAE based on the Ease of Doing Business Report released by the World Bank in 2015. Simply put, KSA has been ranked the uppermost for acquiring credit information among the MENA region economies. The report by the World Bank indicated that KSAs effectiveness of doing business based on ten parameters specifically on the basis of government business regulation on the basis of 2015 aggregate ranking and distinguished based on fundamental indicators as complexity and cost of regulatory process as well as measure of the strength of legal institutions. On the basis of this quantitative examination against ten parameters, KSA ranks forty-nine in the year 2015. On the other hand, within MENA region, KSA ranks 2nd after the UAE. Moreover, KSA has highest ranking for obtaining credit information among every economies in the MENA area. Nevertheless, Micro and Small Enterprises authority requires to ease out the procedures for commencing a business as well as for undertaking globally. Moreover, the EY held the EOY 2014 award in KSA which has served to encourage the Micro and Small Enterprises sector in KSA. The EY has subsequently built on the KSA Micro and Small Enterprises immense success program and subsequently declared the launch of the EOY 2015 award in KSA for the 2nd time. Also, the KSAs youths have proved their entrepreneurial authorities and powers despite the average of Micro and Small Enterprises being merely seven years. The worldwide entrepreneurs have accelerated innovation besides creating job opportunities, specifically during the economic downturns. The EYs of EOY initiative or programs integrates as well as rejoice the vision, creativity as well as commitments of the most deserving global entrepreneurs. The KSA has had an opportunity to hold this program due to its place in the Micro and Small Enterprises sector in 2014. This means that KSA has had successful entrepreneurs and this even explains why the initial launching of program occurred in KSA. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia should take the advantage of the benefit packages that this program comes with to boost the morale of their Micro and Small Enterprises to hit their full potential. This is because the EOY carried out in 2014 emphasized specifically on the Micro and Small Enterprises together with fast-growth economies including KSA where Micro and Small Enterprises remains the chief drivers of growth and development of economy. The program has recognized KSA as one of the most competitive nations among the G20 cohort countries. KSA Micro and Small Enterprises should, therefore, grow faster than it is currently growing because the average time consumed to commence a business remains one of the lowest relative to the G20 economies. KSA is also an industrial hub in both GCC and MENA area besides having a firm together with growing economy. This indicates that the future decade bodes well for the Micro and Small Enterprises development in the country. This is essentially as a result of the lack of targeted as well as customized assistance from banks. The government should take it upon itself to ensure that there is an effective targeted and customized banks assistance focusing on the KSAs youths. Moreover, it is also clear that the youths have been demoralized by the lengthy bureaucratic procedures that present a daunting challenge to the KSA Micro and Small Enterprises sector. Even though the paper acknowledges the much efforts already taken by the KSA government to reduced or eliminate such bureaucracies, much is still needed to be done to ensure that an enabling environment prevails for the Micro and Small Enterprises to bud faster in the KSAs economy. It had been approximated that the investment of Micro and Small Enterprises at the end of 2015 would have risen to hit over USD seventy billion. It was also estimated that the Micro and Small Enterprises sector would be contributing 35% of to the GDP. However, it is clear that these estimation have not been achieved despite the government programs and initiatives. The Micro and Small Enterprises sector and the government of KSA should shift focus on speaking to various challenges identified in the sector. For example, some of the shortcomings of Micro and Small Enterprises performance is primarily attached to the lack of targeted and ongoing support services. In KSA, capital access including debt and equity remains a principal challenge (Tuncalp, 2009). The equity investment is crucial for any given survival of a venture in the initial stage, but in the KSA, there is inadequacy of angel investors as well as venture capital funds. The Micro and Small Enterprises capital lending is pegged at three percent in KSA as a percentage of entire loans. This is, however, stays low relative to the emerging economies average of twenty percent as well developed economies average of twenty-five percent. Notwithstanding the substantial size of the Micro and Small Enterprises sector in KSA, financiers evade lending to the Micro and Small Enterprises sector for the following reasons: A general absence of reliable as well as accessible information regarding enterprises sine of which the registries together with bureaus are unable to issue credit scores. A lack of proven legal environment which permits for the collateral registry as well as legal enforcement where there is a default A great number of Micro and Small Enterprises lack audited financials. There is a need for the financial firms to consumer higher time besides resources when servicing Micro and Small Enterprises. This culminates in augmented cost of operation for these financiers that when incurred, become passed on to the Micro and Small Enterprises in terms of premium charges. Approximately eighty-five percent of the Micro and Small Enterprises are single-based proprietors corporations, and, hence, the separation between the firm and private assets frequently remain hazy. Accordingly, the Micro and Small Enterprises will have an increased lending risks. In light of this challenge, there is a need for effective policy techniques and tools to impart more confidence to the lending institutions through the management of the risks effectively. Even though the amount of existing policies as well as tools remains enormous with some of the initiatives and programs are funded well and effective, the absence of strategic co-ordination empties into efforts duplication, therefore augmenting redundancies and cost. The government needs to come in further and assist Micro and Small Enterprises to speak to such challenging areas to the Micro and Small Enterprises including information related, managerial, technical, workforce related, marketing, financing as well as bureaucracy. Even though the government has come in to reduce some of the procedures needed for new Micro and Small Enterprises set up, the KSAs government strives to ensure that Micro and Small Enterprises get it much easier than before. This is because it is the KSAs government to whom the lengthy bureaucratic procedure besides licensing is the potential barrier, succeeded by the non-existence of sufficient financing. The Micro and Small Enterprises are also concerned with their rapid rate of lifespan shrinking. The lack of presence of the customized as well as ongoing assistance from the banks leading to the comparatively short lifespan of the Micro and Small Enterprises whereby the average Micro and Small Enterprises is barely 7 years old. The MENA area is specifically overwhelmed with this phenomenon. There is a missing middle whereby the Micro and Small Enterprises have gone beyond the initial stages of the setup, but need additional support for sustaining as well as growing their businesses or ventures. Despite the government initiatives and programs in place, with sole target to Micro and Small Enterprises support, these programs and initiatives must be channelized as well as customized to speak to the distinct demands of the Micro and Small Enterprises entire lifecycle (Zamberi Ahmad, 2012). The KSAs banks should stretch past the provision of restrained subsidized loans alongside pre-investment training to sufficiently support the Missing Middle phenomenon throughout the various phases of development. Worldwide, between seventy and eighty percent pf the enterprises collapse after an average of barely twenty months. There is a need for the KSA to cater for its strong entrepreneurial bend of the youthful propitiators to address the eventual motive of the KSAs youth employment alongside the consequent diversification of the KSAs economy. The KSA government has over the years, engaged in constructive moves towards the Micro and Small Enterprises sectors growth. The government has emphasized more on the amount of Micro and Small Enterprises expansion than the available gazelles that are poised to become internationally competitive as well as have the authority besides the power for diversification of the KSAs economy. Nevertheless, the KSAs government has acknowledged the need for a broad support base, alongside capital, business services as well as training in the entire lifespan of the Micro and Small Enterprises. The KSAs youth has proved its entrepreneurial power and blend besides the boost from the administrations has ensured that locals can favorably compete on an international arena. The KSA government must ensure that it implements effectively the plans it has made to emulate the Japan Micro and Small Enterprises growth strategy. The KSAs Micro and Small Enterprises must strive to achieve the augmented growth as well set up themselves as competitive businesses internationally. The Micro and Small Enterprises should take the advantage of the opportunity presented by the fiscal as well as social efforts taken by the Custodian of the 2 Holy Mosques government through King Salman bin Abdulaziz to blossom with vigorous growth in the coming years (Zamberi Ahmad, 2011). Moreover, the governments concerted efforts based on their entire commitment and dedication stressed towards the policies implementations should be followed up to ensure that the Micro and Small Enterprises hit their eventual sustainable development as well as dynamic progression goals. In so doing, Micro and Small Enterprises in KSA will meet their full potential which will translate into increased employment, growth and development in KSAs economy. The KSAs banking sector should also take the advantage of this lucrative opportunity presented by the Micro and Small Enterprises potential. These banking sector will have a substantial opportunity to benefit from the ever growing Micro and Small Enterprises. With Micro and Small Enterprises accounting for ninety percent of the entire registered KSAs enterprises besides sixty prevent of the entire employment alongside their occupation of the central place in the KSAs development strategy, Micro and Small Enterprises growing contribution to the Gross Domestic Product is clearer (Acs, 2006). The banking sector will benefit by boosting the Micro and Small Enterprises sector through the prospects of growth in credit extension to Micro and Small Enterprises through their firm capital sufficiency besides liquidity ratios that position the banks in a better position for lending the Micro and Small Enterprises without eroding respective balance sheet qualities. References Acs, Z. (2006). How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth?. Innovations, 1(1), 97-107. Al-Khaldi, M. A., Wallace, R. O. (2009). The influence of attitudes on personal computer utilization among knowledge workers: the case of Saudi Arabia. Information Management, 36(4), 185-204. Asad Sadi, M., Henderson, J. C. (2011). Franchising and small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in industrializing economies: A Saudi Arabian perspective. Journal of Management Development, 30(4), 402-412. Ghanem, H. (2013). Role of Micro and Small Enterprises in Egypt's Economic Transition. Brookings. Looney, R. (2004). Development strategies for Saudi Arabia: Escaping the rentier state syndrome. Strategic Insights, 3(3), 6-18. Tuncalp, S. (2009). The marketing research scene in Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Marketing, 22(5), 15-22. Zamberi Ahmad, S. (2011). Evidence of the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 123-143. Zamberi Ahmad, S. (2012). Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Problems and constraints. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 8(4), 217-232.

The Theme of The Raven free essay sample

The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe has a hidden theme in the poem. The story is about a melancholic man who was visited by a raven called Nevermore. When the man heard the raven knocking on his door, he was nervous and anxious. However, he could not overcome his curiosity and opened the door. When the raven came in, the man started asking questions to it. The same answer of the raven to the mans several questions about his beloved was hardly acceptable for him. Nevertheless, the man was forced to take the assertion made by the raven. The plot of the story helps ncover its theme sooner or later, reality is going to come to people no matter whether they are ready or not. This message is gradually revealed as the story advances. The mans actions and mood at the beginning of the story imply that he lived in his own world without facing the sad, ugly truth that he would never meet Lenore again. We will write a custom essay sample on The Theme of The Raven or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When he was in his room, he stated that he was weak and weary. This describes his deteriorating physical as well as mental conditions. Also, it indicates that in the bleak December, he was not able to protect himself from the approaching raven that was going to shatter the wall defending the mans fragile eart. The man also said while I nodded, nearly napping. This shows that the man was unaware of the coming of the truth; therefore, he was so relaxed that he was nearly napping. This part of the story helps reveal the theme by showing a person not being ready to protect himself from any approaching threats outside his territory. The tapping on the door stirred up the mans anxiety and curiosity to the world filled with sad memories of his yore. He started to feel restless after the knocking. For instance, after he heard the noise, he said it filled him with fantastic terrors that he never felt before. This indicates that the noise made by the raven augmented both his interest and fear toward reality. Also, the quote, deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, implies the fact that the man had gained the courage to open the door and longed to know what was there awaiting him. In the darkness, either by his own imagination or the echo of his own voice, the raven repeated the name of the mans lover, Lenore, outside the door. The mans desire to get this message about Lenore grew even stronger. The audience can understand his feeling when he said all my soul within me burning, after returning to his room. This knocking of the door and the mans reactions in the poem helps present the theme by representing the coming of the truth and a person not having a clear sense of what is happening. The mans reactions to the ravens responses to his inquiry show that the man was not ready to accept the disappointing truth. For example, when the man asked the raven to quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore, and the raven answered with Nevermore, it shows that the man would never be able to forget Lenore. The man grew emotional and called the raven thing of evil. This explains that even though the ravens response was the cruel reality, it was not the reply the man wanted to hear about. When he enquired of the raven if ne would meet Lenore in heaven, the raven also replied wit n the word, Nevermore, which means that he would not meet Lenore ever again. The man was exceedingly depressed and furious and told the raven to leave. This again shows that he considered the truth unacceptable. However, at the end, when the man said And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor shall be lifted nevermore, the man was forced to acknowledge the truth. The separation of his soul and body mplies that although a large part of his self does not want to face the truth, his soul, not having any hope, had sunk into the darkness. He used all his physical strength to keep a distance from the hopelessness; however, his mind that escaped from the strength and was overruled by the extreme bewilderment and sadness had dropped into the darkness of despair. This part of the story completed uncovering the theme by showing no matter if people are ready or not, the reality will come. The theme of the story, reality is going to come regardless of peoples preparation to its arrival, is fluently revealed by the plot. At the first part of the story, the mans casual demeanor indicates that the man did not notice what was approaching him. At the middle part, his panic and curiosity toward the mysterious visitor behind his door denote that he did not even notice the coming of the truth. Near the end, the mans emotional responses to the ravens answer tell the readers that the man was not ready for the arrival of the truth. At the last part, it shows that the man accepted the truth against his will. By this order, the theme is wholly and smoothly presented. The crucial element that allows the theme to be conveyed is the raven of truth, Nevermore.

Work and Adolescence in the Middle Ages

Work and Adolescence in the Middle Ages Few medieval teenagers enjoyed a formal education as it was rare in the Middle Ages. As a result, not all adolescents went to school, and even those who did were not wholly consumed by learning. Many teens worked, and just about all of them played.   Working at Home Teens in peasant families were most likely to work instead of attending school. Offspring could be an integral part of a peasant familys income as productive workers contributing to the farming operation. As a paid servant in another household, frequently in another town, an adolescent could either contribute to the total income or simply cease using the family resources, thereby increasing the overall economic standing of those he left behind. In the peasant household, children provided valuable assistance to the family as early as age five or six. This assistance took the form of simple chores and did not take up a great deal of the childs time. Such chores included fetching water, herding geese, sheep or goats, gathering fruit, nuts, or firewood, walking and watering horses, and fishing. Older children were often enlisted to care for or at least watch over their younger siblings. At the house, girls would help their mothers with tending a vegetable or herb garden, making or mending clothes, churning butter, brewing beer and performing simple tasks to help with the cooking. In the fields, a boy no younger than 9-years-old and usually 12 years or older, might assist his father by goading the ox while his father handled the plow. As children reached their teens, they might continue to perform these chores unless younger siblings were there to do them, and they would most definitely increase their workloads with more demanding tasks. Yet the most difficult of tasks were reserved for those with the most experience; handling a scythe, for example, was something that took great skill and care, and it was unlikely for an adolescent to be given the responsibility of using it during the most pressing times of harvest. Work for teenagers was not limited to within the family; rather, it was fairly common for a teen to find work as a servant in another household. Service Work In all but the poorest medieval households, it would not be surprising to find a servant of one variety or another. Service could mean part-time work, day labor, or working and living under the roof of an employer. The type of work that occupied a servants time was no less variable: there were shop servants, craft assistants, laborers in agriculture and manufacturing, and, of course, household servants of every stripe. Although some individuals took on the role of servant for life, service was frequently a temporary stage in the life of an adolescent. These years of  labor- often spent in another familys home- gave teenagers the chance to save up some money, acquire skills, make social and business connections, and absorb a general understanding of the way society conducted itself, all in preparation for entry into that society as an adult. A child might possibly enter service as young as age seven,  but most employers sought older children to hire for their advanced skills and responsibility. It was far more common for children to take up positions as servants at age ten or twelve. The amount of work carried out by younger servants was necessarily limited; pre-adolescents are rarely if ever suited to heavy lifting or to tasks that require fine manual dexterity. An employer who took on a seven-year-old servant would expect the child to take some time learning his tasks, and he would probably start with very simple chores. Common Occupations Employed in a household, boys might become grooms, valets, or porters, girls could be housemaids, nurses, or scullery maids, and children of either gender could work in the kitchens. With a little training young men and women might assist at skilled trades, including  silk making, weaving, metalworking, brewing, or winemaking. In  villages,  they could acquire skills involving clothmaking, milling,  baking, and blacksmithing as well as help in the fields or household. By far, the majority of servants in town and countryside came from poorer families. The same network of friends, family and business associates that provided apprentices also yielded workers. And, much like apprentices, servants sometimes had to post bonds so that prospective employers might take them on, assuring their new bosses they would not leave before the agreed-upon term of service was up. Hierarchies and Relationships There were also servants of nobler origins, particularly those who served as valets, ladies maids, and other confidential assistants in illustrious households. Such individuals might be temporary adolescent employees from the same class as their employers or long-term servants from the gentry or urban middle class. They might even have been educated at a University before taking up their posts. By the 15th century, several advice manuals for such esteemed servants were in circulation in London and other large towns,  and not only noblemen but high city officials and wealthy merchants would seek to hire individuals who could perform delicate duties with tact and finesse. It was not unusual for a servants brothers and sisters to find work in the same household. When an older sibling moved on from service, his younger sibling might take his place, or perhaps theyd be employed simultaneously at different jobs. It was also not uncommon for servants to work for family members: for example, a childless man of prosperity in a town or city might employ his country-dwelling brothers or cousins children. This might seem exploitative or high-handed, but it was also a way for a man to give his relatives economic assistance and a good start in life while still allowing them to keep their dignity and pride in accomplishment. Terms of Employment It was  common  procedure to draw up a service contract that would outline the terms of service, including payment,  length  of service, and living arrangements. Some servants saw little legal recourse if they encountered difficulty with their masters, and it was more common for them to suffer their lot or run away rather than turn to the courts for redress. Yet court records show this was not always the case: masters and servants both brought their conflicts to legal authorities for resolution on a regular basis. Household servants almost always lived with their employers, and to deny housing after having promised it was considered a disgrace. Living together in such close quarters could result in terrible abuse or close bonds of loyalty. In fact, masters and servants of close rank and age were known to form lifelong bonds of friendship during the term of service. On the other hand, it was not unknown for masters to take advantage of their servants, particularly teenage girls in their employ. The relationship of most teenage servants to their masters fell somewhere in between fear and adulation. They did the work that was asked of them, were fed, clothed, sheltered and paid, and during their free time sought out ways to relax and have fun. Recreation A common misconception about the Middle Ages is that life was dreary and dull, and none but the nobility ever enjoyed any leisure or recreational activities. And, of course, life was indeed hard compared to our comfortable modern existence. But all was not darkness and drudgery. From peasants to  townsfolk  to gentry, people of the Middle Ages knew how to have fun, and teens were certainly no exception. A teenager might spend a large part of each day working or studying but, in most cases, he would still have a little time for recreation in the evenings. Hed have still more free time on holidays such as Saints Days, which were fairly frequent. Such liberty might be spent alone, but it was more likely to be an opportunity for him to socialize with coworkers, fellow students, fellow apprentices, family or friends. For some teenagers, childhood games that occupied the younger years such as marbles and shuttlecocks evolved into more sophisticated or strenuous pastimes like bowls and tennis. Adolescents engaged in more dangerous wrestling matches than the playful contests theyd attempted as children, and they played some very rough sports like football- variations that were precursors to todays rugby and soccer. Horseracing was fairly popular on the outskirts of London, and younger teens and pre-teens were frequently jockeys due to their lighter weight. Mock battles among the lower classes were frowned upon by authorities, for fighting rightfully belonged to the nobility, and violence and misconduct could ensue if youths learned how to use swords.  However,  archery  was encouraged in England due to its significant role in what has come to be called the  Hundred Years War. Recreation such as falconry and hunting were usually limited to the upper classes, primarily due to the cost of such pastimes. Furthermore,  forests, where sporting game might be found, were almost exclusively the province of the nobility, and peasants found hunting there- which they usually did for food rather than sport- would be fined. Games of Strategy and Gambling Archaeologists have discovered among castle remains intricately carved sets of chess and tables (a precursor to backgammon),  hinting at some popularity of board games among the noble classes. There is no doubt that peasants would be unlikely at best to acquire such costly trifles. While it is possible that less expensive or home-made versions could have been enjoyed by the middle and lower classes, none have yet been found to support such a theory; and the leisure time required to master such skills would have been prohibited by the lifestyles of all but the wealthiest folk. However, other games such as  merrills, which required only three pieces per player and a rough three-by-three board, could easily have been enjoyed by anyone willing to spend a few moments collecting stones and roughing out a crude gaming area. One pastime that was definitely enjoyed by city teens was dicing. Long before the Middle Ages, carved cube dice had evolved to replace the original game of rolling bones, but bones were occasionally still used. Rules varied from era to era, region to region and even from game to game, but as a game of pure chance (when honestly played), dicing was a popular basis for gambling. This prompted some cities and towns to pass legislation against the activity. Teens who engaged in gambling were likely to indulge in other unsavory activities that could result in violence, and riots were far from unknown. In hopes of heading off such incidents, city fathers, recognizing the need of adolescents to find release for their youthful exuberance, declared certain saints  days  occasions for great festivals. The celebrations that ensued were opportunities for people of all ages to enjoy public spectacles ranging from morality plays to bear-baiting as well as contests of skill,  feasting, and processions. Sources: Hanawalt, Barbara,  Growing Up in Medieval London  (Oxford University Press, 1993).Reeves, Compton,  Pleasures  Ã‚  (Oxford University Press, 1995).and Pastimes in Medieval England

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buy custom Education Revolution essay Education is one of the important processes in human life that people tend to through so as to pasue their long term dreams. In todays world, education is believed to be the power for it is the process that makes good men out of nothing. The world can only come into civilization with education of which without it, all the activities taking place in the world can stagnate as there are no educated and skilled personnel to manage them. In the American history Education is recognized as a very important process as they also believe that it is through education that their country or states can gain political social and economical stability. This made education to be referred to as the power due to the fact that it forms the basis of any good thing in the American history. Due to this significance that education has to the lives of people, very many strategies have been put forward to boost this process so as to continue serving many people. This paper mainly focuses on the history of the American and how the reacted to education since the colonial period to date. Due to the fact that education is power as many people placed it, it is believed to enhance peace of mind and thought. Not to forget is the expansion of the mind that in turn enables one to think and make correct decisions in life so as to make his or her life comfortable. During the colonial period, the whites were threatened by this thing called education for they believed that they would loose control over their slaves after they had fully got some bit of education. The also believed that the slaves would have their own perspective and way of approaching life. To them education was a very dangerous weapon that could enable the slaves to finally overpower them. This made the white to block the process of education for some time in America and any other region of which they controlled. The did not want the blacks to get even a d\single hint of education hence subjected them to some kind of hush treatments that could not create chance or allow room for education.. In the history of the Americans, education is said to have been dominated by various groups of people who were bound by social relationships. There came a time in the History of the Americans that slaves could get some little privilege of expressing themselves from the spport of education. An educated slave could distinguish what was wrong and right for him or herself hence could find alternative ways of withdrawing him or herself from the bondage of slavery. Though they tried to get educated but they could not still fully manage it as they got a lot of pressure from their masters who were against their education. Not all the whites were against the slaves education but only to a few who felt they could be left with a huge gap to fill especially when it came to the fulfillment of their desires. Some of the whites wanted to achieve some of their set targets and objectives through the slaves. Though some wanted the slaves to be free, there were still some problems that they though woul d arise due to the fact that most of the slaves were blacks and they thought that the literacy of the blacks would make some proof to slavery as the master mainly benefited from the services offered buy their slaves. As far as this matter of slave education was concerned, a sound warning was passed by South Carolina in the year 1770 targeted those white who engaged the black slaves in the education system. The warning that was passed prevented the black slaves from learning as anyone white who could be seen to have involved in such an act, was to face a sever punishment that gave him or her an option of paying a given amount of dollars. Due to this stern warning issued by Southern Carolina, the slaves and other whites who were not impressed by the issue of slavery, involved in this act at night or in secret places where these whites could teach some of the slaves how to read and write. The wives of their masters also offered some little support to the in terms of education but not fully. The children of the slaves could also sneak to various places of secrecy such as churches where they could learn how to read and write. This is how some of the slaves who managed to bring freedom to their race ma de it in terms of education. After some time or a given duration of time from the time the Southern Carolina issued a warning, many schools in the southern states of America ceased from admitting black children as they were afraid of the policies that governed the warning. The only way these children were to learn was through some religious institutions that also had an aim of divert their beliefs of the slaves to in terms of religion. It is through religion that many blacks managed to get some bits of knowledge for they were given the opportunity to learn how to read and write so as to understand more about religion. In religious institutions the blacks were safe as they had no pressure from any side. This is so because religion tends to operate on its own and had its own policies and regulations that governed it. It became very difficult to do criticize or punish religious organization because it consisted on very many members that became very difficult to punish. Very many white teachers were punished due to matters pertaining to the blacks education making various learning institutions involve in a forced act of racial discrimination. Learning itself from all these experiences can be said to have come a long way though it is still not fully set in some of the developing countries in the world. Education started long time ago even if nobody had realized that it existed. It started as an informally in various societies where children were only taught the basics of life and how they could go about them. This applied to both the white and black societies as it is the general basis of education in the present world. The first people to be educated or to know more about education were the whites who in turn used the little knowledge they had gained to take control over some countries in the world. It is also from the white that other countries or states in the world came to learn more about education. As per them, learning did not have a difficult beginning as they had free time and no pressure attached to their learning systems. The problem only began with other races where they could not allow them to get free education having fear that they might at one time overpower them. America as a state that combines all races together came to get basic education from various religious institutions. Education in todays world has really revolutionized making to favor all. It has been going some changes and improvements over the last centuries and has today reached a level where it can go hand in hand with technology. It began informally and has today advanced to high levels that is very important to the economies of every country in the world. Buy custom Education Revolution essay

Mobile Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mobile Technology - Research Paper Example The use of these tools has turned to be an informal procedure in the learning process (Milrad, 2006). Mobile learning is very convenient because both learners and their teachers can get access it at any given time. Just like the types of e- learning mobile learning is collaborative, learners and teachers can share information, this leads to receiving of prompt feedback and instructions (Milrad, 2006). This collaboration increases high performance, and it replaces the use of textbooks and notebooks during the teaching and learning process. Furthermore, it is easy to use mobile learning in the learning context (Milrad, 2006). According to Chan et al, (2006), educational institutions are getting laptops and Internet services as a result of improve technological development. Educators need to understand how to work the mobile technologies and incorporate them efficiently during their teaching and learning process. Teachers understand that this process is important in education because it helps facilitate the teaching learning process using the mobile or tablets devices. Most important aspect of these mobile devices is that by using them in the teaching learning process, they tend to improve the general teaching and learning activity in the classroom, as well as instructor feedback after assessment. Mobile devices have intrinsic educational products that improve instructional procedures in the classroom. Using an android system, the students, and their teachers can make use of the Microsoft word document to make, transform, or edit their documents (Milrad, 2006). The Picasa instrument found in tablets can be used to save meaningful pictures for assignments conducted on projects (Milrad, 2006). This mobile technology provides effective teaching and studying by speeding the entire teaching and learning procedure. Mobile devices used in teaching range from digital laptops to use of tablet in the tutorial room to boost the teaching and learning process (Milrad,